IN-TEXT CITATION
Terrill (1992) ...
.... (Terrill, 1992)
"....." (Terrill, 1992:25)
FORMAT OF A REFERENCE TO A JOURNAL ARTICLE
Author’s Surname, Initials. Date of publication. Title of article, Journal name (in italics) followed by a comma, volume number (part no): page numbers.
Note that the title of the article is in quotation marks.
EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE TO A PRINTED JOURNAL ARTICLE
Terrill, C.A. 1992. The ten commandments of new service development, Management Review, 81(2): 24-27.
FORMAT OF A REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL ARTICLE
Note: Use these guidelines when the pagination of journals on electronic full-text databases differs from their print equivalent, or is not supplied at all, or is only in HTML format. It is important to indicate to your reader which format of the journal you are using.
Author’s Surname, Initials. Year. Title of article, Journal title, (in italics) [type of medium], volume (issue number): pagination if given or any other indicator of length. Available at: Supplier/Database Name and Number/Identifier Number, Item or Accession Number [Date accessed]
EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL ARTICLE FROM A DATABASE
Husted, B.W. and Allen, D. B. 2000. Is it ethical to use ethics as strategy?, Journal of Business Ethics, 27(1-2): 17-18. Available at: <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006422704548>. [ Accessed on:13 October 2015].
Husted, B.W. and Allen, D. B. 2000. Is it ethical to use ethics as strategy?, Journal of Business Ethics, 27(1-2): 17-18. doi:10.1023/A:1006422704548. [ Accessed on:13 October 2015].
A DOI is a unique ID number that publishers use to identify electronic articles. If there is a DOI, the URL is not needed. If there is no DOI, then you need to add the URL
EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL ARTICLE FROM AN ONLINE ONLY JOURNAL
Nicolaides, A. 2018, Ethical Hospitality Marketing, Brand-Boosting and Business Sustainability, African Journal of Hospitatlity, Tourism and Leisure, 7(1). Available at :<https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_7_vol_7__1__2018.pdf> [Accessed on: 29 March 2018].
Note: the same principles of 'and' versus '&', and the principles regarding the number of authors, are applicable to citing and referencing journal articles
This section deals with journal articles which have been submitted for publication, but have not been published yet.
IN-TEXT CITATION
Murray (2001) ...
.... (Murray, 2001)
"....." (Murray, 2001: article submitted for publication).
In this case, refer to it as (Murray, 2001). When quoting directly, indicate that it has not yet been published, as follows: “... e-commerce promises quick profits, but suppliers must be cautious...” (Murray, 2001: article submitted for publication).
FORMAT OF A REFERENCE TO A JOURNAL ARTICLE SUBMITTED FOR PUBLICATION
Author’s Surname, Initials. Year of submission. 'Title of article', Journal name (in italics). Manuscript submitted for publication.
ARTICLES SUBMITTED FOR PUBLICATION
Murray, J. 2001. 'E-commerce, is it that promising?' PC Week. Manuscript submitted for publication.
EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE TO A JOURNAL ARTICLE SUBMITTED FOR PUBLICATION
Murray, J. 2001. ‘E-commerce, is it that promising?’ PC Week. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Note: the same principles of 'and' versus '&', and the principles regarding the number of authors, are applicable to citing and referencing journal articles
Omah (2001) ...
.... Omah, 2001)
"....." (Omah, 2001 : in press).
FORMAT OF A REFERENCE TO A JOURNAL ARTICLE THAT IS IN PRESS
Author’s Surname, Initials. Year of printing. ‘Title of article’, Journal name (in italics). Manuscript in press.
EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE TO A JOURNAL ARTICLE THAT IS IN PRESS
Omah, A. 2001. ‘Service excellence in local business’, People Dynamics. Manuscript in press.
Note: the same principles of 'and' versus '&', and the principles regarding the number of authors, are applicable to citing and referencing journal articles
IN-TEXT CITATION
Andersson (2001) ...
.... (Andersson, 2001)
FORMAT OF A REFERENCE TO A CONFERENCE PROCEEDING
Author or Editor’s Surname, Initials. Year. Title of conference and subtitle (including location and date of conference) (in italics). Publisher.
EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE TO A PRINTED CONFERENCE PROCEEDING
Andersson, T. ed. 2001. Getting started with electronic commerce: proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Geneva, October 2-4, 2001. E-Commerce Unlimited.
FORMAT OF CITATION
Wheeler (2001) ...
.... (Wheeler, 2001)
"....." (Wheeler, 2001:130)
FORMAT OF A REFERENCE TO A CONFERENCE PAPER
Surname of Author of the paper, Initials. Year of publication. ‘Title of paper’. In: Editor’s Surname, Initials. ed. Title of conference and subtitle, Place, Date (in italics). Publisher: page numbers of the individual conference paper.
Note that the title of the paper is placed in quotation marks and the title of the full conference proceedings is in italics, or underlined if your work is handwritten or you have used a conventional typewriter.
EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE TO A PRINTED CONFERENCE PAPER
Wheeler, D. 2001. ‘Getting to grips with the e-supply chain’. In: Andersson, T. ed. Getting started with electronic commerce: proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Electronic Commerce, Geneva, October 2-4, 2001. E-commerce Unlimited. 121-139.
EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE TO AN UNPUBLISHED ELECTRONIC CONFERENCE PAPER
Julian, C.C. 2011. 'The relationship between industry structure, marketing capabilities, strategy and performance: the empirical link in export ventures', paper presented to The Clute Institute International Academic Conference, Las Vegas, 10-12 October. Available from: <http://conferences.cluteonline.com/index.php/IAC/2011LV/paper/view/619> [Accessed on: 17 August 2014]
For unpublished papers, include the phrase ‘paper presented at...’ before the name of the conference. You do not need to put the conference name in italics
EXAMPLE OF A REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC CONFERENCE PAPER
Bayne, S & Ross, J. 2007. 'The ‘digital native’ and ‘digital immigrant’: a dangerous opposition', paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Society for Research into Higher Education (SRHE), Brighton, Sussex, 11-13 December 2007. Available from: <http://www.malts.ed.ac.uk>[Accessed on: 3 October 2010]
You may encounter three problems with newspaper articles - they sometimes do not credit their authors, or have titles or headlines, and sometimes they have neither. Below are some guidelines in this regard.
IN-TEXT CITATION
Jones (2001)....
.... (Opec countries agree to keep oil output steady, 2001). (without author)
.... (Business Day, 2001: 6) ( no author or no headline)
FORMAT OF REFERENCE TO A PRINTED NEWSPAPER ARTICLE - AUTHOR NAME SUPPLIED
Author’s Surname, Initials. Year. ‘Title of the article’, Name of the newspaper (in italics). Date of issue: Page number(s).
Note that the title of the article or news item must be placed in quotation marks.
Example:
Jones, D. 2001. 'Asmal says life-skills education will be enforced in every school', Business Day. 22 August: 4.
FORMAT OF REFERENCE TO A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE - AUTHOR NAME NOT SUPPLIED
If the newspaper article does not indicate its author, then it must be cited under the title of the article.
Title (or headline) of news item. Year. Title of Newspaper (in italics). Date of Issue: Page numbers.
Example:
Opec countries agree to keep oil output steady. 2001. Business Day. 27 September: 8.
FORMAT OF REFERENCE TO A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE - AUTHOR NAME AND TITLE NOT SUPPLIED
If neither the name of the author nor the headline of the report is given, make an entry under the name of the newspaper.
Name of newspaper (in italics). Year. Date: Page number.
Example:
Business Day. 2001. 27 September: 6.
EXAMPLE OF AN ELECTRONIC NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Khumalo, K. 2018. 'World Bank foresees more modest 1.4 % growth for South Africa' [online], Business Report, 11 April.
Available from: <https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/international/world-bank-foresees-more-modest-14-growth-for-sa-14367465> [Accessed on: 11 April 2018]